Bilharzial endocervical polyp.

Schistosomiasis still represents a major threat to women's health in many developing countries. The frequency in developed countries is increasing among immigrants and tourists who have a history of freshwater exposure in endemic areas. This is a case of 43-year-old immunocompetent Egyptian woman presented by abnormal vaginal bleeding. The gynecological examination revealed an endocervical polyp measuring 3 x 2 x 1 cm. Polypectomy was done. Histopathological examination revealed several granulomas containing viable eggs of Schistosoma hematobium. Schistosomiasis is rarely presented with endocervical polyp. In developing countries, schistosomiasis may be considered in differential diagnosis of patient with endocervical polyp.

Proportion of urinary schistosomiasis among HIV-infected subjects in Benin city, Nigeria

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis, and the effect of CD4+T cell counts and demographics on its prevalence among HIV-positive patients in Benin City, Nigeria. Urine and blood samples were collected from 2000 HIV-positive subjects. A wet preparation of the urine deposit was examined microscopically to identify ova of Schistosoma haematobium. The blood specimens were analyzed using the flow cytometry for CD4+T-lymphocyte count. An overall prevalence rate of 0.3% was reported. Gender and CD4 count<200 cells/micro L did not affect the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis, while HIV patients that were single had significantly higher prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis [p=0.002]. The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among HIV patients in Benin City is low. CD4+count did not affect the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis

Schistosomiasis haematobia: histopathological course determined by cystoscopy in a patient in whom praziquantel treatment failed / Esquistossomíase hematóbica: seguimento histopatológico determinado por cistoscopia em um paciente com falha terapêutica ao praziquantel

Schistosomiasis haematobia or urinary schistosomiasis is one of the main public health problems in Africa and the Middle East. A single dose of 40 mg praziquantel per kg body weight continues to be the treatment of choice for this infection. The aims of this follow-up were to study the post-treatment course of a patient infected with S. haematobium and not submitted to re-exposure, and to identify complications of the disease and/or therapeutic failure after praziquantel treatment by histopathological analysis. Treatments were repeated under medical supervision to ensure the correct use of the drug. In view of the suspicion of lesions in cystoscopy, the patient was submitted to bladder biopsy. The histopathological characteristics observed in biopsies obtained, after each treatment, indicated viability of parasite eggs and activity of granulomas.

A Esquistossomíase Hematóbica ou Esquistossomíase Urinária é um dos principais problemas de Saúde Pública na África e no Oriente Médio. Uma única dose de praziquantel 40 mg/kg de peso, continua sendo o tratamento de escolha para esta infecção. Os objetivos deste seguimento foram: avaliar o período pós-tratamento de um paciente infectado com Schistosoma haematobium e não submetido à re-exposição e, identificar as complicações da doença e/ou falha terapêutica, após o tratamento com praziquantel, por análise histopatológica de material obtido por biópsia vesical. O tratamento foi repetido sob supervisão médica para assegurar o uso correto do medicamento. Na presença de lesões suspeitas a cistoscopia, o paciente foi submetido a biópsia vesical. As características histopatológicas observadas nos materiais obtidos por biópsia, após cada tratamento, indicaram viabilidade de ovos e atividade dos granulomas.

Schistosoma haematobium and urinary tract pathogens co-infections in a rural community of Edo State, Nigeria.

A survey of S. haematobium and other urinary tract pathogens co-infection was carried out among 198 volunteers in Ihieve, Ogben, a rural community in Owan East Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. Of these, 118 (59.5%) had S. haematobium ova in their urine samples. Light infection (< or =50 ova/l0 ml) occurred among 49 (24.7%) volunteers and 59 (29.8%) inhabitants had heavy infections (> 50 ova/10 ml). The children 68 (64.2%) were more infected their the adults 50 (54.3%). This difference was statistically significant at (chi2 = 60.37, P < 0.05). The prevalence of S. haematobium among the males 80 (71.4%) was higher than their female counterparts 38 (41.9%) and this difference is statistically significant at (t = 1.28) Bacteriuria and bacterial isolates occurred among 60 (30.3%) with S haematobium infection. Three nitrate reducing bacterial isolates namely; Klebsiella sp and Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and a fungus; Candida albicans were reported in their urine cultures. Multiple infections were observed among 43 S. haematobium infected persons. The antibiogram of the isolates indicated that Nitrofurantoin, Gentamycin and otramax were the most effective drugs for the management of bacterial infections among these volunteers. All the bacterial isolates were resistant to Cloxacillin and Augmentum. The C. albicans were sensitive to Diflucan, Nizoral, Gynotravogen, Gynotrosydovule, Gyno-daktarin and Mycostatin.

Clinical and laboratorial evaluation of urinary schistosomiasis in Brazilians after staying in Mozambique

Nós examinamos 87 brasileiros de um grupo de 132 que, entre julho e novembro de 1994, participaram de um missão de paz em Moçambique. Eles serviram em uma área endêmica de esquistossomose haematóbica e nadaram no rio Licungo em períodos de lazer. A idade aritmética deles era 31 anos e todos eram do gênero masculino. O exame de urina revelou que 30 (34,5%) eliminavam ovos de S. haematobium e 55 (63,2%) tinham sorologia positiva pelo teste enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot com antígeno microsomal purificado de vermes adultos de S. haematobium. Eosinofilia foi encontrada em 30 (34,5%), haematuria em 26(29,9%), disúria em 32(36,8%) e dor lombar em 36(41,4%). Todos que eliminavam ovos pela urina tiveram sorologia positiva. Entre os 25 pacientes com sorologia positiva e sem ovos de S. haematobium no exame de urina, 13 eram sintomáticos e 12 assintomáticos. O tratamento pelo Prazinquantel nos 30 pacientes com urina positiva para ovos de S. haematobium apresentou 70% de cura parasitológica.

Cystoscopy in the diagnosis and follow-up of urinary schistosomiasis in Brazilian soldiers returning from Mozambique, Africa

A avaliação de esquistossomose urinária em indivíduos procedentes de áreas endêmicas, freqüentemente requer recursos diagnósticos não usados nas áreas de exposição, para determinar as complicações ou estabelecer um critério de cura mais preciso. A cistoscopia e o exame de urina de 24 horas foram realizados, após tratamentos com praziquantel na dose de 40 mg/kg de peso, dose única, em 25 militares brasileiros que participaram de uma Missão de Paz pela ONU em Moçambique no ano de 1994. A idade média dos indivíduos foi de 29 anos e todos apresentavam exame parasitológico de urina positivo. As alterações detectadas pela cistoscopia foram hiperemia e granulomas na submucosa vesical em 59.1% dos indivíduos e somente granulomas em 40.9%. A biópsia vesical revelou granulomas em todos os pacientes e ovos viáveis em 77.3%, mesmo após um período durante o qual os pacientes não mais eliminavam ovos pela urina. Após o tratamento, a cistoscopia seguida por biópsia e avaliação histopatológica, realizada em áreas onde a evolução da doença pode ser monitorada melhor, demonstrou ser um critério mais seguro de cura parasitológica.

The perception, beliefs and practices toward genitourinary schistosomiasis by inhabitants of selected endemic areas (Edo/Delta States) in south-eastern Nigeria

Um questionário bem estruturado sobre a percepção e práticas e crenças sobre a esquistossomose genito-urinária foi administrado e explicado em dialetos locais: Igbo Esan Ezon Itshekiri e Bini a 33815 habitantes de áreas endêmicas selecionadas no sudeste da Nigéria, de janeiro de 1999 a dezembro de 2001. Deste total, 3815 (11,3) foram preenchidos adequadamente e devolvidos. Cerca de 42,0 dos habitantes admitiram conhecer a doença, enquanto 14 (0,4) conheciam o agente etiológico. Cerca de 181 (5,0) dos que responderam admitiram ter procurado tratamento, enquanto 100 (5,0) não procuraram tratamento de qualquer tipo. A relação entre as coleçäes de águas e atividades humanas e infecção foram discutidas. Entre os que admitiram conhecer a doença mas não o seu agente etiológico não procuraram nenhum tratamento, mas acreditam que a doença é um fenômeno natural nos estágios de desenvolvimento e portanto não apresentam morbidade e mortalidade. A análise laboratorial da urina, fezes, semen e HVS foi empregada para as respostas dos questionários e em alguns casos o exame físico foi utilizado para aumentar a análise laboratorial e confirmar o diagnóstico urinário. Hematúria foi diretamente relacionada a contagem de ovos na primeira parte da vida. As mulheres foram significativamente mais hematúricas e excretaram mais ovos que os homens (p < 0,05). Dor de cabeça (43,0) e febre (31,0) foram os maiores sinais clínicos enquanto dores sexuais (22,0) foram os menores.

Studies on the biology of schistosomiasis with emphasis on the Senegal river basin

The construction of the Diama dam on the Senegal river, the Manantali dam on the Bafing river, Mali and the ensuing ecological changes have led to a massive outbreak of Schistosoma mansoni in Northern Senegal, associated with high intensity of infections, due to intense transmission, and the creation of new foci of S. haematobium. Data on the vectorial capacity of Biomphalaria pfeifferi from Ndombo, near Richard Toll, Senegal are presented with sympatric and allopatric (Cameroon) S. mansoni. Comparisons are made on infectivity, cercarial production, chronobiology of cercarial emergence and longevity of infected snails. Recent data on the intermediate host specificity of different isolates of S. haematobium from the Lower and Middle Valley of the Senegal river basin (SRB) demonstrate the existence of at least two strains of S. haematobium. The role of Bulinus truncatus in the transmission of S. haematobium in the Lower and Middle Valleys of the SRB is reviewed. Both S. haematobium and S. mansoni are transmitted in the same foci in some areas of the SRB

Schistosoma haematobium infections in two rural communities of Edo State, Nigeria.

An epidemiological study of 1,136 inhabitants from two rural communities in Owan East local government area of Edo State, Nigeria was investigated to ascertain the prevalence, intensities and urinary symptoms in Schistosoma haematobium infections. In both communities, 371 (32.6%) of the villagers screened, excreted S. haematobium with a mean of 40.1 ova per 10 ml of their urine. The pattern of infection was highest among the school children, moderate among the farmers and least among the civil servants. The sensitivities of their urinary symptoms associated with this parasitic infection in these communities are 78.7% hematuria, 71.9% proteinuria, 70.4% supra public pain/discomforts and 59.6% dysuria. These foci of infections will broaden the epidemiological picture of urinary schistosomiasis in this part of the globe.

Survey of urinary schistosomiasis and trichomoniasis in a rural community in Edo State, Nigeria.

Survey of urinary schistosomiasis and trichomoniasis was conducted among 830 inhabitants of Ikao village, in Owan local government area of Edo State, Nigeria Between October, 1999 and February, 2000. Of these, 178 (21.4%) excreted Schistosoma haematobium ova in their urine. School children were more infected than the farmers and petty traders. Males were more infected than the female counterparts, These differences were statistically significant using Chi-square test analysis (chi 2). Most of the inhabitants had light infections. In all, urinary schistosomiasis and trichomoniasis co-infection occurred in the genito-urinary tract of 14 (6.3%) females inhabitants. The highest Trichomonas vaginalis infection 16 (40.0%) occurred in female subjects within 20-25 years old.

Informe de un caso de infección por schistosoma haematobium que escapó a la vigilancia epidemiológica en Cuba / Report of schistosoma haematobium infection case that eluded epidemiological surveillance in Cuba

Schistosomiasis haematobium fue detedtada en un cubano que trabajó en Angola entre 1986 y 1988. El primer síntoma que apareció fue hematuria terminal en agosto de 1988 que remitió espontáneamente y no pudo ser detectada a su arribo a Cuba. En 1991 apareció nuevamente la hematuria, fue estudiado pero el diagnóstico no pudo ser hecho hasta junio de 1992 cuando se estudió en el Instituto de Mdicina Tropical de La Habana donde4 se le diagnosticó schistosomiasis haematobium de evolución crónica